锆单晶
锆单晶 40Zr91.22
说明:锆是一种坚硬的,有光泽的银色金属。表面的氧化膜具有高耐腐蚀性。点燃后在空气中可燃烧。锆不溶于酸(HF除外)和碱。被用于合金,彩色釉料和核反应堆。氧化锆被用于铸造坩埚,砖,陶瓷和磨料。
性能参数
状态: |
单晶 (max. gain size ~3-4mm) |
晶体结构: |
hexagonal |
生产方法: |
Floating zone |
标准尺寸: |
diameter 3-4mm thickness 1mm |
晶向: |
(0001) |
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
典型分析: |
99.99% ex Hf |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Zr h.c.p. (a=323.21, c=514.77), P63/mmc b-Zr b.c.c. (a=361.6), Im3m T(a->b)=1135 K High pressure form: (a=503.6, c=310.9), P3m1 |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 143 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 15.9 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.716 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
0.184 sa / barns |
密度: |
6.49 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1851.85 °C / 2125 °K |
沸点: |
4376.85 °C / 4650 °K |
摩尔体积: |
14.02 cm3 |
导热系数: |
22.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
5.78 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
42.1x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+1.68 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
98 GPa |
刚性模量: |
35 GPa |
体积模量: |
89.8 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.38 GPa |
半径: |
Zr4+ 87; Zr2+ 109; atomic 160; covalent 145 |
负电性: |
1.33 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allred); 3.64 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.15 (Slater); 6.45 (Clementi); 9.20 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
25 |
同位素质量范围: |
82 -> 101 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
Generally regarded as of low toxicity. |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 1688 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Zirconium and its compounds are not regarded as particularly poisonous except by excessive ingestion of zirconium salts. Zirconium dust is a very dangerous fire hazard. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.011 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
<0.1 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.11 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.08 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
c. 0.05 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
1 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Baddeleyite |
ZrO2 |
5.82 |
6.5 |
mon., greasy/vit. col./yellow/green |
Zircon |
ZrSiO4 |
4.7 |
7.5 |
tet., stubby crystals, colourless/yellow/grey |
主要矿石: |
zircon, baddeleyite |
世界产量: |
7000 (Zr metal); 7 x 105 (zircon) |
主要矿区: |
Australia, Brazil, USA, Sri Lanka |
储量: |
>1 x 109 tonnes |
样品: |
available as foil, powder rod or wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
560 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
190 p.p.m. |
海水: |
9 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
n.a. |
氧化态: |
IV |