锌单晶
锌单晶 30Zn65.37
说明:锌是一种蓝白色金属,浇铸时很脆。在空气中失去光泽,溶于酸和碱。锌被用于镀锌铁,合金(例如黄铜),电池。氧化锌用于橡胶和聚合物的稳定剂。
锌单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
hexagonal |
|
生产方法: |
Bridgman |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 10-20mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(1001), (1-100) and (11-20) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
|
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.999% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
Ag 2 Ca 1 Cd 3 Cu < 2 |
Fe < 2 Hg < 1 Pb 2 Sn < 1 Zn balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group h.c.p. (a=266.47, c=494.69), P63/mmc |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 60.3 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 55.4 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.5680 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
1.11 sa / barns |
密度: |
7.14 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
419.58 °C / 692.73 °K |
沸点: |
906.85 °C / 1180 °K |
摩尔体积: |
9.17 cm3 |
导热系数: |
116 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
25.0 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
5.916x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
-2.20 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
104.5 GPa |
刚性模量: |
41.9 GPa |
体积模量: |
69.4 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.249 GPa |
半径: |
Zn2+ 83; atomic 133; covalent 125 |
负电性: |
1.65 (Pauling); 1.66 (Allred); 4.45 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
4.35 (Slater); 5.97 (Clementi); 8.28 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
23 |
同位素质量范围: |
57 -> 78 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
Essential for all species |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
generally regarded as of low toxicity |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 350 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Zinc metal is a human skin irritant but otherwise is non-toxic and so are most common compounds; however, zinc salts have been shown to be experimental carcinogens. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
7.0 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
75 - 170 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
240 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
240 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
5 - 40 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
2.3 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Hemimorphite |
Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O |
3.475 |
4.5 - 5 |
orth., vit./pearly white |
Hydrozincite |
Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
4.00 |
2 - 2.5 |
mon., earthy/silky white etc. |
Sphalerite |
ZnS |
4.08 |
3.5 |
cub., yellow to brown |
Smithsonite |
ZnCO3 |
4.2 |
4 - 4.5 |
rhom., vit. grey-white |
Willemite |
Zn2SiO4 |
4.1 |
5.5 |
rhom., vitreous-resinous, white/pale green |
主要矿石: |
sphalerite (with cadmium, gallium and indium as by-products), smithsonite, hemimorphite. Hydrozincite is also mined for zinc when found in economic amounts. |
世界产量: |
5.02 x 106 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
USA, Canada, Australia, Austria, Russia, Turkey |
储量: |
110 x 106 tonnes |
样品: |
available as dust, foila, granules, pieces, powder, shot, sticks and wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
2.82 x 104 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
75 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
0.5 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
1.0 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋表面: |
0.5 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
5.2 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
5000 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
II |