铁单晶
铁单晶 26Fe55.847
说明: 铁是具有银色光泽的软金属(可用的)。它主要被用于含碳(高达1.7%)的钢中。不锈钢是铁与其它金属的合金,主要是镍。铁能够在潮湿空气中生锈,且能够迅速溶解于稀酸溶液中。它的应用非常广泛。
铁单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
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晶体结构: |
bcc |
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生产方法: |
Strain annealing |
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标准尺寸: |
diameter 6-10mm thickness 1-2mm |
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晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
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晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
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典型分析: |
99.98% |
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典型分析(ppm): |
Ag < 0.1 Al < 0.1 As < 0.1 C 12 Ca 0.8 Cl 0.8 Co 2.6 Cu 0.6 Cr 1.6 K 1.8 Mg 0.87 |
Mo < 0.1 N 10.0 Na 1.6 Ni < 0.1 O 30.0 P 0.7 S 2.6 Si 2.9 Ti 1.4 V 0.1 Zn 1.9 Fe balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group a-Fe b.c.c. (a=286.645),Im3m b-Fe not true allotrope g-Fe c.c.p. (a=364.68), Fm3m d-Fe b.c.c. (a=293.22), Im3m T(a -> a)=1183 K T(g -> d)=1663 K |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 308 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 38.5 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.954 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
2.56 sa / barns |
密度: |
7.86 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1534.85 °C / 1808 °K |
沸点: |
2749.85 °C / 3023 °K |
摩尔体积: |
7.09 cm3 |
导热系数: |
80.2 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
12.3 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
9.71x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
ferromagnetic |
杨氏模量: |
152.3 GPa (cast); 208 GPa (steel) |
刚性模量: |
60.0 GPa (cast); 81 GPa (steel) |
体积模量: |
109.5 GPa (cast); 160 GPa (steel) |
泊松比: |
0.27 GPa (cast); 0.27 GPa (steel) |
半径: |
Fe3+ 67; Fe2+ 82; atomic 124; covalent 116; van der Waals n.a. |
负电性: |
1.83 (Pauling); 1.64 (Allred); 4.06 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.75 (Slater); 5.43 (Clementi); 7.40 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
16 |
同位素质量范围: |
49 -> 63 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
Essential to all species |
毒性 |
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毒性摄取量: |
200 mg, Iron (II) compounds are more toxic than iron (III) |
致命摄取量: |
7 - 35 g |
危险性: |
Iron dust poses a moderate fir or explosion hazad: chronic exposure causes iron pneumoconiosis (welder lung). Iron deficiency leads to anaemia, but excess iron in the body causes liver and kidney damage. Some iron compounds are suspected carcinogens. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
447 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
3 - 380 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
250 - 1400 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
180 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
6 - 40 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
4.2 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many iron矿物化学式s are known, only a few of which are listed. |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Goethite |
a-FeO(OH) |
4.28 |
5 - 5.5 |
orth., met. earthy brown |
Hematite |
Fe2O3 |
5.26 |
5 - 6 |
rhom., met. earth grey |
Lepidocrocite |
g-FeO(OH) |
4.09 |
5 |
orth., met. reddish-brown |
Magnetite |
Fe3O4 |
5.175 |
5.5 - 6.5 |
cub., met. black |
Siderite |
FeCO3 |
3.96 |
4 |
rhom., vit. yellow-brown |
主要矿石: |
hematite, magnetite, goethite, lepididocrocite, siderite |
世界产量: |
7.16 x 108 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
USA, Canada, Sweden, South Africa, Russia, India, Japan |
储量: |
1.1 x 1011 tonnes |
样品: |
available as chips, filings, foil, granules, and wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
3.16 x 107 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
41000 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
1 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
4 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋表面: |
0.1 x 10-8 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
1 x 10-8 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
98 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
III |