镉单晶
镉单晶 48Cd112.40
说明:镉是一种具有金属光泽的金属,但会在空气中失去颜色,它能够溶于酸但不溶于碱。它常被用于可充电电池,合金和颜良,但是由于它的毒性,所以在一些可以不采用的领域正在被逐渐淘汰。
镉单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
晶体结构: |
rhombohedral |
生产方法: |
Bridgeman |
标准尺寸: |
diameter 12mm thickness 1-2mm |
晶向: |
(0001) |
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides electrochemical polished |
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
典型分析: |
99.999% |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, h.c.p. (a=297.94, c=561.86), P63/mmc |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 231 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 27.5 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.51 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
2450 sa / barns |
密度: |
8.65 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
320.95 °C / 594.1 °K |
沸点: |
764.85 °C / 1038 °K |
摩尔体积: |
13.00 cm3 |
导热系数: |
96.8 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
29.8 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
6.83x10-8 [273 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
-2.21 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
62.6 GPa |
刚性模量: |
24.0 GPa |
体积模量: |
51.0 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.30 GPa |
半径: |
Cd2+ 103; Cd+ 114; atomic 149; covalent 141 |
负电性: |
1.69 (Pauling); 1.46 (Allred); 4.33 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
4.35 (Slater); 8.19 (Clementi); 11.58 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
31 |
同位素质量范围: |
99 -> 124 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
None has been proved, although suspected. It is stimulatory |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
17 mg kg-1 (chloride, oral, rat) |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, guinea pig) = 63 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Cadmium is toxic but its emetic action means that little is absorbed, so fatal poisoning rarely occurs. Cadmium is carcinogenic and teratogenic. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
0.0052 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
<1.8 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
2 - 22 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.14 - 3.2 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.007 - 3 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
50 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
|
|||
矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Cadmoselite |
a-CdSe |
5.6 |
n.a. |
hex., res./adam. black |
Greenockite |
CdS |
4.9 |
3 - 3.5 |
hex., yellow, tiny prisms |
Otavite |
CdCO3 |
5.03 |
n.a. |
rhom., adam. white/brown |
主要矿石: |
none as such, most cadmium is produced as a by-product of the smelting of zinc from its ore ZnS, in which CdS is a significant impurity. |
世界产量: |
13900 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
see zinc |
储量: |
see zinc |
样品: |
available as foil, granules, powder, rod, shot, stick ore wire. CARE ! |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
71 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
0.11 ppm |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
1.1 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
38 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
太平洋表面: |
1.1 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
100 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
30 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
II |