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锑单晶


锑单晶 51Sb121.75


说明:锑是具有三种形态的一种非金属元素。它的金属形态更为稳定且呈现银白色明亮光泽,具有硬脆的特性。它在干燥空气中是稳定的,不受稀酸溶液或稀碱溶液腐蚀。在其它金属中加入锑可以使其强化,锑常被用于储能电池,轴承等领域。


锑单晶性能参数


状态:

单晶

晶体结构:

rhombohedral

生产方法:

Bridgeman

标准尺寸:

diameter 12mm

thickness 1mm

晶向:

(100), (110) and (111)

晶向精度:

<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1°

纯度:

as cut, one or two sides polished

表面粗糙度:

<0.03μm

典型分析:

99.999%


其他性能参数


晶体结构:

(cell dimensions/pm), space group, grey rhombohedral

(a=430.84, c=1124.79), R3m

(grey) cubic (a=298.6), Pm3m

metal h.c.p. (a=336.9, c=533), P63/mmc

X射线衍射质量吸收系数:

CuKa 270 (μ/r) / cm2g-1

MoKa 33.1 (μ/r) / cm2g-1

中子散射距离:

0.557 b/10-12 cm

热中子捕获横截面:

4.91 sa / barns

密度:

6.62 g/cm3

熔点:

630.74 °C / 903.89 °K

沸点:

1634.85 °C / 1908 °K

摩尔体积:

18.20 cm3

导热系数:

24.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1

热膨胀线系数:

8.5 x 10-6 K-1

电阻系数:

39.0x10-8 [273 K] Wm

聚磁敏感性:

-1.0 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3

杨氏模量:

54.7 GPa

刚性模量:

20.7 GPa

体积模量:

n.a. GPa

泊松比:

0.25 - 0.33 GPa

半径:

Sb5+ 62; Sb3+ 89; Sb2- 245; atomic 182; covalent 141;

van der Waals 220

负电性:

2.05 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allred); 4.85 eV (absolute)

有效核电荷:

6.30 (Slater); 9.99 (Clementi); 12.37(Froese-Fischer)

同位素:

40

同位素质量范围:

108 -> 136


生物资料


生物类别:

none

毒性


毒性摄取量:

100 mg

致命摄取量:

Antimony provokes vomiting, and was once prescribed for this purpose, but medical does is near to toxic dose and antimony can kill. LD50 (oral) for antimony potassium tartrate is c. 140 mg.

危险性:

Small does of antimony stimulate metabolism, large does cause liver damage.

人体等级


血液:

0.0033 mg dm-3

骨骼:

0.01 - 0.6 p.p.m.

肝脏:

0.011 - 0.42 p.p.m.

肌肉:

0.042 - 0.191 p.p.m.

每日食物摄取量:

0.002 - 1.3 mg

70kg成人平均总元素含量:

2 mg


地质资料


矿物:

A little native antimony occurs naturally as granular masses or nodules, Generally in silver-bearing lodes and has been found in Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA

矿物化学式

公式

密度

硬度

晶体外观

Sibiconite

Sb3O6(OH)

5.58

4 - 5.5

hex., res./adam. black

Stibnite

Sb2S3

4.63

2

hex., yellow, tiny prisms

Tetrahedrite

(Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13

4.97

3 - 4.5

rhom., adam. white/brown

Ullmannite

NiSbS

6.65

5 - 5.5

cub., metallic grey


主要矿石:

Stibnite. Tetrahedrite, although mainly a copper ore, yields antimony as a by-product.

世界产量:

53000 tonnes/year

主要矿区:

China, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Bolivias, France

储量:

2.5 x 106 tonnes

样品:

available as pieces, powder or shot. CARE !


总含量


太阳:

10 (relative to H = 1 x 1012)

地壳:

0.2 p.p.m.

海水:

c. 3 x 10-4 p.p.m.

停留时间:

3.5 x 105 years

类别:

accumulating

氧化态:

III

 

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