钒单晶
钒单晶 73V50.942
说明:纯钒是一种有光泽的,银色的软金属。表面的氧化膜可抗腐蚀。钒可抗浓酸腐蚀,但不耐碱,即使在熔化状态。钒金属主要被用于合金特别是钢材。
钒单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
bcc |
|
生产方法: |
Floating zone |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 12mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.99% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
Al 10.0 Co < 0.10 Cr < 0.10 Cu < 1.60 Fe 20.0 Mg 0.25 Mn < 0.10 |
Mo < 0.10 Nb 20.0 Ni 4.30 Ta 20.0 Ti 1.60 W 7.00 V balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group b.c.c. (a=302.40), Im3m |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 233 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 27.5 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
-0.0382 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
5.08 sa / barns |
密度: |
6.1 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1886.85 °C / 2160 °K |
沸点: |
3376.85 °C / 3650 °K |
摩尔体积: |
8.34 cm3 |
导热系数: |
30.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
8.3 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
24.8x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+6.28 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
127.6 GPa |
刚性模量: |
46.7 GPa |
体积模量: |
158 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.365 GPa |
半径: |
V5+ 59; V4+ 61; V3+ 65; V2+ 72; atomic 132 |
负电性: |
1.63 (Pauling); 1.45 (Allred); 3.6 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
3.30 (Slater); 4.98 (Clementi); 6.65 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
11 |
同位素质量范围: |
44 -> 55 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
Essential to some species including humans; it also acts to stimulate metalbolism. |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
Toxicity varies |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (V2O5, oral, rat) = 10 mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Vanadium and its compunds irritate the eyes and lungs; the fumes of volatile compounds are highly toxic. Some vanadium compounds have experimental mutagenic effects. |
人体等级 |
|
血液: |
<0.0002 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: |
0.0035 p.p.m. |
肝脏: |
0.006 p.p.m. |
肌肉: |
0.02 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: |
0.04 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
0.11 mg |
地质资料
矿物: |
Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals |
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Carnotite |
K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O |
4.95 |
n.a. |
mon., dull/earthy/pearly yellow |
Descloizite |
PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
6.2 |
3 - 3.5 |
orth., greasy brown/red |
Patrónite |
VS4 |
2.81 |
2 |
mon., grey-black |
Vanadinite |
Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
6.86 |
2.7 - 3 |
hex., sub-res./sub-adam. orange red |
主要矿石: |
descloizite, patronite, vanadite, carnotite. |
世界产量: |
7000 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
not mined as such, but generally obtained as a by-product of other ores and from Venezuelan oils. |
储量: |
n.a. |
样品: |
available as foil, granules, powder, rod or turnings. CARE ! |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
1.05 x 104 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
160 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
1.1 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: |
n.a. |
太平洋表面: |
1.6 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
1.8 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
50 000 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
V |