钯单晶
钯单晶 46Pd106.4
说明:钯是有光泽的,银白色,有延展性和韧性的金属,属于铂组金属。它耐腐蚀,但溶于氧化性酸和熔融碱。钯金属具有过滤氢气的特殊能力。主要被用作催化剂。
钯单晶性能参数
状态: |
单晶 |
|
晶体结构: |
fcc |
|
生产方法: |
Czochralski |
|
标准尺寸: |
diameter 6-12mm thickness 1-2mm |
|
晶向: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
|
晶向精度: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
|
纯度: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
|
表面粗糙度: |
<0.03μm |
|
典型分析: |
99.999% |
|
典型分析(ppm): |
Ag < 1 Al < 0.1 As < 0.1 Au 5 C 8 Ca 0.7 Cl < 0.1 Cu 4 Cr 2 Fe 6 In 4 N < 4 |
Na 0.3 Ni < 0.6 O 5.0 P 0.7 Pt < 10 Rh < 10 ppm S 0.5 Si 6 Ta 3 Ti 0.8 W 15 Zr 1 Pd balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group f.c.c. (a=389.08), Fm3m |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: |
CuKa 206 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 24.1 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: |
0.591 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: |
6.9 sa / barns |
密度: |
12.0 g/cm3 |
熔点: |
1551.85 °C / 1825 °K |
沸点: |
3139.85 °C / 3413 °K |
摩尔体积: |
8.85 cm3 |
导热系数: |
71.8 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: |
11.2 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: |
10.8x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: |
+6.702 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: |
121 GPa |
刚性模量: |
43.6 GPa |
体积模量: |
187 GPa |
泊松比: |
0.39 GPa |
半径: |
Pd4+ 64; Pd2+ 86; atomic 138; covalent 128 |
负电性: |
2.20 (Pauling); 1.35 (Allred); 4.45 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: |
4.05 (Slater); 7.84 (Clementi); 11.11 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: |
25 |
同位素质量范围: |
96 -> 116 |
生物资料
生物类别: |
none |
毒性 |
|
毒性摄取量: |
n.a. |
致命摄取量: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, rat)25 = mg kg-1 |
危险性: |
Palladium is poorly absorbed by the body when ingested and PdCl2 was formerly presribed as a treatment for tuberculosis at the rate of 65 mg per day (approximately 1 mg kg-1 without apparent ill effects. alladium at higher intakes is poisonous and is an experimental carcinogen. |
人体等级 |
|
器官: |
n.a. but very low |
每日食物摄取量: |
n.a. |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: |
n.a. |
地质资料
矿物: |
|
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矿物化学式 |
公式 |
密度 |
硬度 |
晶体外观 |
Palladium |
Pd |
11.9 |
4.5 - 5 |
cub. met. white/grey |
主要矿石: |
speciments of the native metal are found in Brazil. Most is extracted as a by-product from copper and zinc refining. |
世界产量: |
24 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: |
see copper and zinc |
储量: |
24 000 tonnes |
样品: |
available as foil, granules, powder, rod, shot sponge or wire. Safe. |
总含量 |
|
太阳: |
32 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: |
c. 6 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
海水: |
|
大西洋表面: |
n.a. |
大西洋深处: |
n.a. |
太平洋表面: |
1.9 x 10-8 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: |
6.8 x 10-8 p.p.m. |
停留时间: |
50 000 years |
类别: |
recycled |
氧化态: |
II |